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Prof. Arif Sasongko started his speech with an explanation about the semiconductor industry ecosystem. The semiconductor industry is divided into two main sectors, design and manufacturing. Some companies in the design sector do not produce chips but only design and develop them. Other companies that produce chips come from the manufacturing sector. Besides that, there are also companies that focus on testing, packaging, and assembly, such as Agilent.

Prof. Arif Sasongko explained that products of the semiconductor industry can be grouped into two categories, embedded systems and general-purpose computers. Examples of general-purpose computers are computers and servers. Embedded systems are commonly used in various fields such as automotive, consumer electronics, telecommunications, medical devices, industrial systems, security, transportation, and more. His design focused on embedded systems related to security.

Security devices have several characteristics, but the most unique is the lifecycle security

“For bank cards, it must be clearly defined what the card manufacturer is allowed to do, what the operating system developer is allowed to do, what the bank is allowed to do, and what happens if the product is no longer used. The lifecycle must be very clearly defined in security products,” he said.

Two examples of implementations of the “Hardware/Software Codesign for Security-Oriented Embedded Systems” method developed by Prof. Arif Sasongko are chips for electronic passports and end-to-end speech encryption.

“An electronic passport is actually a state document that is lent to us so that we can travel. So it is a state document. From the security perspective, it is very concerning if we don’t know what is inside,” he remarked.

Prof. Arif Sasongko’s team, together with PERURI, is trying to develop a chip used for electronic passports that is free from malicious hardware and software components in order to maintain the security of state documents used by hundreds of millions of Indonesian citizens. With this chip, the total product cost can be reduced, and derivative products such as smart cards, eMoney, SIM cards, and others can be developed with increased value.

The second implementation, namely end-to-end speech encryption, focuses on enhancing the security of voice communication conducted via telephone or other long-distance communication applications. Conventionally, analog voice signals are encrypted to maintain their privacy. However, such signals are vulnerable to being intercepted by specific software before the encryption, allowing unauthorized parties to obtain the information. Therefore, an end-to-end speech encryption method was developed, with the principle that encryption occurs at the syllable level while maintaining the speaker characteristics. This system can preserve the flow of speech while ensuring that the content remains incomprehensible until decryption.

These two examples differ significantly: the electronic passport system is implemented in the form of a chip, while the end-to-end speech encryption system is implemented using an FPGA and discrete components.

Reporter: Kayla Vajira Susanto (Microbiology, 2023)